K-8th English

Reading (Foundational Skills)
- Understand basic print concepts (left-to-right, top-to-bottom).
- Recognize and name uppercase and lowercase letters.
- Develop phonological awareness (rhyming, segmenting, blending).
- Read common high-frequency words by sight.
Writing
- Use drawings, dictation, and writing to compose opinion, informative, and narrative texts.
Speaking and Listening
- Participate in collaborative conversations with peers and adults.
- Ask and answer questions to seek help or gather information.
Language
- Demonstrate command of standard English grammar and usage.
- Use frequently occurring nouns, verbs, and prepositions.

Reading (Literature and Informational Texts)
- Ask and answer questions about key details in a text.
- Retell stories, identifying the central message or lesson.
Writing
- Write opinion pieces introducing a topic and stating an opinion.
- Create informative/explanatory and narrative texts with details.
Speaking and Listening
- Describe people, places, and events with relevant details.
- Follow agreed-upon discussion rules.
Language
- Use common, proper, and possessive nouns.
- Begin understanding root words, prefixes, and suffixes.

Reading
- Identify the main idea and key details in a text.
- Describe how characters respond to major events and challenges.
Writing
- Write opinion, informative, and narrative texts with clear structure.
- Strengthen writing by revising and editing with adult guidance.
Speaking and Listening
- Recount or describe ideas and details clearly.
- Create audio recordings or visuals to clarify ideas.
Language
- Use collective nouns, irregular past-tense verbs, and adjectives.
- Understand and use synonyms, antonyms, and homophones.

Reading
- Determine the main idea and explain how it is supported by details.
- Distinguish their own point of view from that of the author.
Writing
- Write opinion pieces with reasons supporting their opinion.
- Conduct short research projects using multiple sources.
Speaking and Listening
- Ask and answer questions about information from a speaker.
- Report on a topic or text with appropriate facts and details.
Language
- Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
- Recognize and correct run-on sentences and sentence fragments.

Reading
- Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem.
- Explain events, procedures, or concepts in a historical or scientific text.
Writing
- Write opinion, informative, and narrative texts with clear organization.
- Use technology to produce and publish writing collaboratively.
Speaking and Listening
- Paraphrase portions of texts or information presented in various formats.
- Differentiate between formal and informal English.
Language
- Use relative pronouns and progressive verb tenses.
- Acquire and use grade-appropriate academic vocabulary.

Reading
- Compare and contrast characters, settings, or events.
- Integrate information from several texts to write or speak about a topic.
Writing
- Write opinion essays with logically ordered reasons and evidence.
- Use research to support writing with evidence from sources.
Speaking and Listening
- Summarize information presented in diverse media formats.
- Plan and deliver presentations with supporting details.
Language
- Use conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections correctly.
- Expand, combine, and reduce sentences for meaning and style.

Reading
- Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, or section fits into a larger text.
- Compare and contrast texts in different genres.
Writing
- Write arguments supported by logical reasoning and evidence.
- Conduct short research projects to answer a question.
Speaking and Listening
- Interpret information presented in diverse formats and explain its meaning.
- Adapt speech for various contexts and tasks.
Language
- Use and understand verb mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive).
- Use grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots.

Reading
- Analyze how elements of a story or drama interact (e.g., how setting shapes characters or plot).
- Determine the meaning of words and phrases, including figurative and connotative meanings.
- Evaluate arguments and specific claims in a text, assessing reasoning and evidence.
Writing
- Write arguments with clear reasons and relevant evidence, addressing counterclaims.
- Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas clearly.
- Conduct research projects to answer a question, using multiple sources.
Speaking and Listening
- Engage in discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.
- Present claims and findings logically, emphasizing key points.
Language
- Demonstrate command of English grammar, including phrases and clauses.
- Use a variety of sentence structures and apply grade-appropriate academic vocabulary.
- Explain the function of phrases and clauses in specific sentences.

Reading
- Analyze how dialogue or specific incidents in a story propel the action, reveal character traits, or provoke decisions.
- Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts, analyzing how they contribute to meaning.
- Evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing between supported and unsupported claims.
Writing
- Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and evidence, acknowledging opposing views.
- Write narratives with effective techniques, relevant details, and structured event sequences.
- Integrate information from multiple sources into research writing, avoiding plagiarism.
Speaking and Listening
- Collaborate in discussions, responding thoughtfully to diverse perspectives.
- Deliver well-organized presentations that include multimedia components to clarify claims.
Language
- Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in conditional moods to achieve specific effects.
- Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.
- Acquire and use grade-appropriate academic and domain-specific vocabulary.